5. Заключительные замечания.

За последние двадцать лет (1970–1980 гг.) экономисты и моральные философы возобновили обсуждение, прерванное в период расцвета в обеих науках позитивистской методологии. Хотя между этикой и экономической теорией остаются значительные разрывы в способах выражения идей и традиционных направлениях мысли, что несомненно может подтвердить каждый, прочитавший данную статью, мы надеемся, что она также показала наличие значительного потенциала для продуктивного междисциплинарного общения. Для тех, кто намерен проводить исследования в данной области, наш обзор предлагает ряд многообещающих направлений. Их спектр очень широк – от исследования преимущественно технических аспектов теории игр и общественного выбора до получения ответов на концептуальные и эмпирические вопросы о природе равенства, благосостояния и других морально значимых понятий. Хотя здесь мы не останавливались на них подробно, приложения этической аргументации к противоречивым аспектам государственной политики, в том числе, например, в области ликвидации расовой дискриминации, природоохранного регулирования, мер социального обеспечения, также представляют актуальные направления исследований.

Лучшее понимание связей между этикой и экономической теорией может также принести пользу многим экономистам, которые вовсе не собираются посвятить свои исследования непосредственно проблемам морали. Ясное понимание моральных перспектив, лежащих у истоков ведущих направлений экономического анализа, может помочь экономистам в работе над ценностными аспектами их исследований. Сказанное Маршаллом об экономической теории – что она «не масса конкретных истин, а средство для открытия конкретной истины»[416] – приложимо также и к этическим рассуждениям. Экономическая теория, активно и самокритично занимающаяся моральными аспектами своего предмета исследования, неизбежно станет более интересной, более поучительной и, в конечном счете, более полезной.

Перевод с англ. И.Г. Минервина под ред. B.C. Автономова.

© Перевод на русский язык. Издательский дом ВШЭ, 2011.

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